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Objective To analyze the trends of human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis elimination strategy in the province. Methods All data pertaining to human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province were collected from 2004 to 2018, and the trends for changes in seroprevalence, egg-positive rate and prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infection were analyzed using a Joinpoint regression model. Results Both of the numbers of residents seropositive and egg-positive for S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the prevalence of human S. japonicum infections reduced from 6.85% in 2004 to 0 in 2018. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the prevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a reduction in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = −24.1%, P < 0.01], and the trends for the reduction were both significant during the period from 2004 to 2006 [annual percent change (APC) = −35.1%, P < 0.01] and from 2006 to 2018 (APC = −22.1%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in islet (AAPC = −25.1%, P < 0.01), inner embankment (AAPC = −26.4%, P < 0.01) and hilly subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic areas (AAPC = −32.5%, P < 0.01) of Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the prevalence all appeared a tendency towards a decline during the infection control stage (from 2004 to 2008), the transmission control stage (from 2009 to 2013) and the transmission interruption stage (from 2014 to 2018) (AAPC = −28.0%, −24.4% and −63.8%, all P values < 0.01). The seroprevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 (AAPC = −14.5%, P < 0.01), and the trends for the reduction were both significant during the period from 2004 to 2012 (APC = −8.4%, P < 0.01) and from 2012 to 2018 (APC = −22.1%, P < 0.01). In addition, the egg-positive rate of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 (AAPC = −30.6%, P < 0.05), and the trend for the reduction was significant during the period from 2007 to 2014 (APC = −15.5%, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the islet and inner embankment subtypes of endemic areas are a high priority for schistosomiasis control during the stage moving towards elimination in Hubei Province.
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Objective:To investigate epidemiological trends and characteristics of syphilis in China from 2014 to 2019, and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control strategies.Methods:A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze personal, spatial and temporal distribution of syphilis cases reported in China from 2014 to 2019.Results:The reported incidence rate of syphilis in China increased from 30.93 per 100 000 in 2014 to 38.37 per 100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increase rate of 4.41%. From 2014 to 2019, the average annual rates of decrease in primary and secondary syphilis and congenital syphilis were 10.95% and 26.16% respectively, and the average annual rates of increase in tertiary syphilis and latent syphilis were 1.61% and 10.75% respectively. The reported incidence rate was high in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Zhejiang, Hainan and Fujian, etc. From 2014 to 2019, the reported annual incidence rate of syphilis was slightly lower in males than in females, and the male-to-female ratio ranged from 0.86∶1 to 0.96∶1. The population aged 15-19 years showed a rapid yearly increase in the reported incidence rate, with an average annual increase rate of 13.54%. The reported annual incidence rate of syphilis peaked in the population aged 25-34 years during 2014-2018, and in the population aged 20-24 years in 2019. Syphilis cases were reported in all occupational groups, the largest proportion of cases was found in farmers and migrant workers (41.19%-46.80%) , and the highest average annual increase rate of 20.72% was observed in students. Among all stages of syphilis, the proportions of primary syphilis and secondary syphilis decreased yearly, while the proportion of latent syphilis increased year by year, and went up to 82.95% in 2019.Conclusion:There was a yearly increase in the total reported incidence rate of syphilis in China from 2014 to 2019, but the reported incidence rates of primary syphilis and secondary syphilis decreased yearly; a rapid increase in the reported incidence rate of syphilis was observed among young people; farmers and migrant workers were the most affected populations; some regions in northwest China and southeastern coastal provinces showed relatively high reported incidence rates.
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Background:Suicide is an intentional fatal act of self-destructionand largely preventable phenomenon. Early Identification of suicide risk factors, proactive preventive steps and therapeutic interventions tend to reduce robustly its epidemiological trends including associated high mortality around the world. Objective:This review study aimed to critically describe the identified potential risk factors underlying suicide together with a specific focus on its relevant preventive and management strategies. Methods:A selective e-searches of Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect of relevant English literature (2000-2019) was conducted by using keywords and Boolean operators, and following exclusion and inclusion criteria included 115 most influentialarticles for this critical review.Results:Suicide is a global preventable phenomenon determined by multiple interconnected risk factors and mechanisms embedded in several levels; population (indigenous people and social media), individual (distal predisposing factors), developmental (mediating factors) and proximal (precipitating factors).Evidently suicide needs multimodal intervention approach in terms of universal, selective and indicated prevention. Conclusion:Suicide is a global heterogeneous phenomenon and needs continuing concerted efforts of multidisciplinary health team and multi-sector stakeholders because its risk pathways and protective factors dynamically changes overtime across the world
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A total of 1 392 reports on liver injury associated adverse drug reaction(LI-ADR) related to bone diseases were retrospectively analyzed based on national ADR monitoring system [18.75% of the patients used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) alone and 68.68% used Western medicine alone]. This kind of cases accounted for 2.5% of all drug-related liver injury adverse reactions, ranking top ten of all drug categories. The number of reported cases and the proportion of serious cases showed an increasing trend from 2012 to 2016. The average age of the patients was(54.2±15.8) years old, and there was little difference in overall gender(male-female 1.04∶1). However, the number of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significantly higher than that of male patients(male-female 1∶2.6), while the number of male patients with gout was significantly higher than that of female patients(male-female 7.16∶1). The overall prognosis was good, with the recovery and improvement rate of 85.27%. The time from medication to liver injury varied due to different medicines. The median time to liver injury was 27 days in TCM alone group, later than 11 days in Western me-dicine alone group(P<0.05). Drugs for bone diseases have been one of the important categories for clinical drug-induced liver injury, and the number of reported cases on liver injury caused by drugs for bone diseases is increasing, so we should pay close attention to the safe and rational use of them. The LI-ADRs of male and female were different due to their different diseases, and the latency of adverse reactions in TCM group was generally longer than that in Western medicine group. In clinical medication, liver function should be monitored according to different diseases and characteristics of drugs to prevent the risk of liver injury.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bone Diseases , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological features and changing patterns of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2014, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating the preventive and control strategy for intestinal parasitic diseases. Methods The data regarding the status of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province were captured from the 1989 national survey on the distribution of human parasites in China and the 2014 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the status of human intestinal parasite infections was compared between the two surveys in Jiangxi Province. Results The prevalence rate of human intestinal parasite infections was 79.59% and 9.64% in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, with a decline rate of 87.89% during the 25-year period (χ2 = 30 870.5, P < 0.01). There were 24 and 20 species of human intestinal parasites detected in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, respectively, with totally 26 species detected during the two surveys. In Jiangxi Province, the 3 most highly prevalent human intestinal parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (71.06%), hookworm (17.61%) and Enterobius vermicularis (17.59%) in 1989, and E. vermicularis (13.73%), hookworm (4.66%), whipworm (0.95%) in 2014. A higher rate of human intestinal parasite infections was found in females than in males in both surveys in Jiangxi Province (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections reduced by 82.50% to 95.31% in different age groups in Jiangsu Province during the 25-year period. Conclusions The prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections shows a remarkable decline tendency in Jiangxi Province, and soil-transmitted nematodes remain the main species of human intestinal parasites in Jiangxi Province.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological features and changing patterns of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2014, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating the preventive and control strategy for intestinal parasitic diseases. Methods The data regarding the status of intestinal parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province were captured from the 1989 national survey on the distribution of human parasites in China and the 2014 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the status of human intestinal parasite infections was compared between the two surveys in Jiangxi Province. Results The prevalence rate of human intestinal parasite infections was 79.59% and 9.64% in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, with a decline rate of 87.89% during the 25-year period (χ2 = 30 870.5, P < 0.01). There were 24 and 20 species of human intestinal parasites detected in Jiangxi Province in 1989 and 2014, respectively, with totally 26 species detected during the two surveys. In Jiangxi Province, the 3 most highly prevalent human intestinal parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (71.06%), hookworm (17.61%) and Enterobius vermicularis (17.59%) in 1989, and E. vermicularis (13.73%), hookworm (4.66%), whipworm (0.95%) in 2014. A higher rate of human intestinal parasite infections was found in females than in males in both surveys in Jiangxi Province (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections reduced by 82.50% to 95.31% in different age groups in Jiangsu Province during the 25-year period. Conclusions The prevalence of human intestinal parasite infections shows a remarkable decline tendency in Jiangxi Province, and soil-transmitted nematodes remain the main species of human intestinal parasites in Jiangxi Province.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological situation of human intestinal nematode infections in Nanjing City from 2006 to 2015,so as to provide the reference for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods The surveillance data of human intestinal nematode infections in Nanjing City from 2006 to 2015 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results From 2006 to 2015,98804 person-times of residents were surveyed in Nanjing City,and 465 person-times of residents were de-tected with intestinal nematode infections. The highest infection rate was in 2006(1.97%),and the lowest in 2013 and 2015 (both 0.05%). Moreover,the positive rate of human intestinal nematode infections showed a significantly declining trend in total (χ2=552.19,P<0.001). Meanwhile,the numbers of Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm and Trichuris trichura cases were 329, 98 and 25 respectively,and the infection rates were 0.33%,0.10%and 0.03%respectively. Among them,443 cases had mild infection intensity (98.66%). There were 462 cases of single-infection (99.35%),and 3 of co-infection of two parasites (0.65%). From 2006 to 2015,92539 person-times of children under 12 years old were surveyed for Enterobius vermicularis in-fection and 352 cases were detected with E. vermicularis infection. Moreover,the positive rate showed a significantly decreasing trend in total(χ2=147.94,P<0.001). Conclusions The control effect of human intestinal nematode infections in Nanjing City is remarkable. However,the surveillance and health education in key groups still should be strengthened,and the preven-tion and control programs should be adjusted promptly to further consolidating the effectiveness of intestinal nematode disease prevention and control.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological trend of imported malaria and its monitoring and control effect in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for adjusting the prevention and control strategy. Methods The data of malaria surveillance,epidemic,prevention and control were collected and analyzed in the districts and counties of Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015. Results From 2011 to 2015,there were 104 imported malaria cases reported,and the most cases(52 cases,50％)were reported from Jianhu County. Most of the cases were males(only 2 females),the average age was 38.8 years,and the occupation was mainly labor service worker abroad(94 cases,97％). The infection source of these cases mainly came from Africa. From 2011 to 2015,151980 fever patients received malaria blood tests,and the positive rate was 0.07％. Falciparum malaria cases were the most(90 cases,86.5％). The confirmed diagnostic rate of malaria within 24 hours in-creased year by year. All the 104 patients received the standardized treatment. Conclusion There are no local malaria cases in Yancheng City from 2011 to2015,and in the next stage,the monitoring and prevention should be focused on imported malaria, including shortening the confirmed diagnostic time and improving the diagnostic efficiency.